云南的外来入侵植物

The invasive plants in Yunnan

综述云南外来入侵植物的现状、分布、入侵的主要途径和危害等。列出云南外来入侵植物75种的详细资料,详细论述其中危害较严重的紫茎泽兰、飞机草、凤眼莲、空心莲子草、马缨丹和肿柄菊等,并讨论应采取的防治对策。提出云南是我国生物多样性最丰富的地区,但也是外来入侵植物危害最严重的地区;虽然很多外来入侵植物都能在云南蔓延,但真正引起严重危害的却不多;恢复本地植被,减少对生态系统的干扰,建立外来入侵物种监测机制和风险评价体系将是防范外来入侵植物的有效途径。

This paper deals with the distribution,influence and harmfulness of invasive plants in Yunnan. The invasive ways and the preventable strategies that should be taken are also discussed. 75 species of invasive plants belonging to 23 families are recorded in Yunnan based on investigation and referring to the related literatures,some species which have serious harmful effect in Yunnan are also presented particular discussion, such as Eupatorium adenophorum , E. odoratum, Eichhornia crassi pes ,Alternanthera philoxeroides ,Lantana camera and Tithonia diversifolia etc. This paper has pointed out that Yunnan is not only the most richest biodiversity region in China, but also an area with the most seriously disturbing of invasive plants;Although, many invasive plants are found in Yunnan, but only few species have serious harmful effect. The best preventable strategies are the recovery of native vegetation,avoidance of ecosystem disturbance, establishment of invasive plants risk evaluation system and defense mechanism.