中国传统思维中的“身体政治症候学”

"Body Political Symptomatology" In Chinese Traditional Thinking

社会政治有机体循环是中国传统政治思维的重要假设之一。在这一假设的基础上,中国古代政治思想家认为人体、社会和宇宙可以被看作一个同构物,并依据这一原理形成了“天人合一”的著名政治范畴。换言之,在这样的思维框架下,政治事物就像一个人的身体一样,具有生命的周期,整体社会的运行也具有功能的相似性。所以,处理社会政治事物就像中医看病一样,形成了一种“政治身体症候学”。这种政治思维取向具有明显的“非本质主义”(a-essentialism)特征,政治行为的目的不是改变事物的自然结构,而是顺应自然法则,协调和整合已失序的政治秩序。

The organism of social politics to cycle is one of the importance assumptions in Chinese tradi tional thinking. On this assumption, ancient thinkers argue for the coherence between body, society and universe in which form the famous category of ＂heaven and man in unification＂. In anther words, the political affairs are of activity as body to be, in which there are life cycle and the whole society is of the similarity. So it is called ＂body political symptomatology＂ to deal with the political affairs as to cure a disease. There is obviously nature of a-essentialism in this thinking approach, in which political behawior is not to change the natural structure but to adjust the disorder in order to conform oneself to the natural order.