如何看待中国现代哲学问题意识的内在根芽?——从晚明以降儒家“经世哲学”的三种新动向谈起

On the Internal Causes of the Emergence of the Philosophical Problematics in Modern Chinese Philosophy

晚明以降儒家“经世哲学”在三个方面出现了新的动向。第一,一批儒者对自然科学的兴趣增强;第二,以黄宗羲为代表的少数儒者反对用父子关系比拟君臣关系,也反对将君臣关系看作是主仆关系,要求将传统儒家的血缘伦理和传统的主仆伦理与理想的政治制度分离开来;第三,以戴震为代表的少数儒者反对以伦理代替法律,要求将维护长者、尊者的旧伦理与理想的公正法律分离开来。正是这三种新动向,显示了中国现代哲学的问题意识具有自己的内在根芽。

The author believes that there were three newly developed trends in Confucian ＂pragmatic philosophy＂ （Jingshi Zhexue） in the late Ming dynasty： First, a number of Confucian scholars became more and more interested in the natural sciences. Second, a few Confucian scholars, such as Huang Zongxi, were against the view of seeing the relationship between ruler and minister as something similar to the relationship between father and son, or seeing the relationship between ruler and minister as something similar to the relationship between lord and servant. They insisted on the separation of the ideal political system from the traditional Confucian ethics of consanguinity and the ethical norms that governed the lord - servant relationship. Third, some Confucian scholars, such as Dai Zhen, believed that morality should not go over its boundary to take the place of law. The idea of just law should not be confused with the ethical norms of respecting elders. These three newly developed trends in Confucianism indicate that there was an inner motivation for the new philosophical problematies in modem Chinese philosophy.