地铁站内烟气流动特性和消防安全(英文)

Smoke movement characteristics and fire safety in subway stations

介绍了地铁站内烟气流动和控制的试验和数值研究。在三个真正地铁站内利用甲醇油池火作为燃料进行了试验,用所获得数据来验证地铁站火灾数值模型,并进一步检验其烟控系统的性能。在站内使用了制量烟气流动模型,再现了最简单条件下每个站点的试验结果,然后把结果跟其他试验条件下的试验结果进行了比较。最后,用模型预测更复杂火灾的烟气流动情况。另外,还讨论了地铁系统的有效设计和火灾安全设施的正常运作情况。通过限制内饰面材料的燃烧性能或者安装自动喷淋系统都可以有效控制热释放速率,且在站点两端开设逃生路线、站台和地铁隧道直接卷帘的正常启动等可有效保证安全疏散。

Experimental and numerical studies on smoke movement and control in subway stations are presented. The experiments were conducted in three actual stations in service using small methanol pool fires as the fuel to generate data basis to validate and tune numerical models for subway station fires and furthermore to examine the performance of smoke control systems. A control volume smoke movement model has been applied to the stations. The model was first tuned to reproduce the test results for the simplest condition for each station, and was then applied and compared with test results for other test conditions. The model was finally applied to predict smoke movement in the subway stations of more plausible fires. The effective design and functional operation of fire safety measures in subway systems are discussed. Primarily, importance of restriction of heat release rate through either the control of combustibility of lining materials or installation of sprinkler system is pointed out. And it is clarified that arrangement of alternative evacuation routes on either ends of the platform, and appropriate operation of shutters in stairways between the platform and the concourse ensure safe evacuation.