高等植物的胚胎发育后期丰富蛋白研究进展

Late Embryogenesis Abundant Proteins in Higher Plant

植物的胚胎发育后期丰富蛋白(LEA)是在植物胚胎发育后期种子中大量积累的一系列蛋白质。LEA蛋白存在于细胞质和细胞核中,具有很高的亲水性和热稳定性,即使在煮沸条件下也能保持水溶状态,能保护细胞免受环境胁迫,特别是干旱脱水的损伤。根据氨基酸序列的同源性及一些特殊的基元序列,LEA蛋白可分为6组。LEA基因的表达受发育阶段、激素、离子变化、脱水等多种因素的诱导,没有组织特异性。LEA基因表达调控的研究是目前植物分子生物学研究的热点之一。

Late embryogenesis abundant（LEA） protein is a series of proteins that are accumulated during late embryogenesis in higher plant cell, and are basically localized in cytoplasm and nuclear region. LEA proteins are hyper-hydrophilicness and thermal stability, which are involved in protecting higher plants from damage caused by environmental stresses, especially drought （dehydration）. LEA proteins are generally classified into six groups （families） on the basis of their amino acid sequence homology and some amino motifs. LEA gene expressions are regulated by many factors （e. g. developmental stages, hormones, ion change and dehydration）. No tissue-specific LEA gene expression has been considered as one main regulatory mechanism on the basis of extensive studies. The study on the regulatory mechanism of LEA gene expression is an important feature of modem plant molecular biology.