基于形态学的中华鹅观草遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity of Roegneria sinica Populations Based on Morphological Analysis

对来自青海、四川、西藏地区不同采集地的15个中华鹅观草(Roegneriasinica)居群的7个形态学性状进行了观察分析。结果表明,该物种在形态学上具有丰富的遗传多样性。在遗传多样性分布特征上,穗部性状(包括穗长、穗宽、小穗数、第一外稃芒长)的变异主要集中在居群内(91.87%),而植株性状(包括颖膜、株型、叶毛)则表现为居群内的变异(54.86%)略高于居群间。从总体上看,该物种的形态学变异主要集中在居群内。形态聚类分析表明,分布在林区的中华鹅观草聚为一类,其多样性指数较高;坡地和谷地的聚为另一类,多样性指数相对较低。同时,还探讨了中华鹅观草的保护及其利用。

Genetic diversity of 15 populations of Roegneria sinica distributed in Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan was studied in this paper. Seven morphological traits,such as spike length, spike width, spikelet number, the first lower palea, membranaceus gluma, morphotype and lamellar hair were observed. The results showed that there was abundant genetic diversity among these populations in morphological traits. As for the distribution pattern of genetic diversity, most genetic variation （91.87%） for the first group of traits （including spike length, spike width, spikelet number and the first lower palea） was maintained within populations, while only 54.86% genetic variation exists within populations for the second group of traits （including membranaceus gluma, morphotype and lamellar hair）. In general, genetic diversity of 15 populations of Roegneria sinlca was mainly found within populations. Genetic distance and dendrogram indicated that the populations in forest area could be assembled together and the populations in non-forest area could be assembled into another group. The diversity index of the populations in forest area was higher than that of the populations in non-forest area. This maybe result from factors like intricate environment, more species, severe competition and little interference from the mankind in forest area, so the genetic diversity could be accumulated. Additionally, effective conservation and utilization of Roegneria sinica were discussed in this paper.