白皮黄瓜雌雄配子败育的细胞形态学观察

Cytomorphologic Study on the Abortion of Female and Male Gametophyte in White Cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)

对种子败育的白皮黄瓜品种白玉(BY)和种子发育良好的青皮黄瓜品种青皮(QP)的雌雄配子发育阶段进行了组织形态学比较研究,结果发现,BY部分小孢子四分体之间相互粘连在一起,相互粘连的胼胝质壁水解形成复合小孢子四分体;在单核小孢子时期,有些小孢子壁皱缩,膜内陷,不规则;观察BY成熟胚囊发现,在胚囊中央有多个类极核,珠心组织细胞离散、变形,大孢子囊边缘不规则;BY在球形胚初期,胚乳发育异常,细胞提前液泡化,具玻璃质感,染色不明显,在显微镜下透光率强,并且胚乳细胞内含物提前降解,胚乳胞间质降解,随后胚乳细胞降解,只留下残迹,球形胚停止发育。

The comparative cytomorphology on the development of female and male gametophyte was studied between white cucumber-BY whose seeds are most abortive and green cucumber-QP whose seeds are most well-developed. The results showed that some microspore tetrads which conglutinated with each other formed complex microspore tetrads on white cucumber. At the phase of monomicrospore , some microspores wall were crimpled and their membrane were pitted and irregular. It was also observed in white cucumber that there were muhipolar nucleus-like in the center of mature embryo sac, nucellus cells were dispersed and the edge of some megaspore sacs were irregular. In the early globular embryo phase of white cucumber, endosperm in which the cells were vacuolated in advance and were easily exposured like glass under microscope due to light-dyed developed abnormally. The inclusion in the endosperm cells was degraded ahead. Subsequently the endosperm cells were broken down and the globular embryo was stopped to develop.