野生垂穗披碱草种质的醇溶蛋白遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity of Gliadin in Wild Germplasm of Elymus nutans Griseb.

用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（A-PAGE）对采集自中国新疆、青海、四川、西藏四省区的33份垂穗披碱草Elymus nutcms材料进行醇溶蛋白分析，获得下述结果：（1）供试材料共分离出38条带纹，多态率达92．10％。4个电泳分区（α、β、γ、ω）的平均Shannon指数为0．55，Nei-Li遗传相似系数（GS）变异范围为0．36～0．93，平均值为0．63。这些结果说明供试野生垂穗披碱草材料具有较为丰富的醇溶蛋白遗传多样性。（2）对所有材料的聚类分析和主成分分析发现，在GS值为0．67的水平上供试材料可聚成7个类群，绝大部分来自于相同或相似生态地理环境的材料聚成一类，即醇溶蛋白图谱类型与材料的生态地理环境具有一定的相关性。（3）基于Shannon多样性指数估算了5个垂穗披碱草地理类群内和类群间的遗传分化，发现类群内遗传变异占总变异的42．94％，而类群间的遗传变异占总变异的57．06％。这可能与该草以自花传粉为主的繁育系统有关。（4）对各地理类群基于Nei氏无偏估计的遗传一致度的聚类分析表明，各地理类群间的遗传分化与其所处的地理生态环境具有较高的相关性。

Acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （A-PAGE） was used to detect the gliadin genetic polymorphism among thirty-three wild accessions of Elymus nutons Griseb collected from four provinces and regions in China （Xinjiang, Qinghai, Sichuan and Tibet）. The follows results were obtained. （1） A total of 38 bands were detected in all accessions, 92.1% were polymorphic bands. The average number of Shannon index to four electrophoreUc zones was 0.55. The Nei＇s genetic similarity coefficient of the tested accessions ranged from 0.36 to 0.94, and the average Nei＇s coefficient was 0.63. These results suggested that there was rich genetic polymorphism among the tested wild resources of Elymus nutans Griseb. （2） 33 wild accessions can be clustered into seven groups at GS = 0.67 level on dendrogram. The principal coordinates （PCA） reflected almost the same relationships among the studied materials as shown in cluster analysis. Moreover, the groups from the same origin frequently clustered into one group. The findings implied that a correlation among gliadin patterns, geographical and ecological environment. （3） Genetic differentiation be- tween and within five eco-geographical groups of Elymus nutans was estimated by Shannon＇s diversity index, which shown that 42.94 % genetic variance existed within group, and 50.76 % genetic variance was among groups. This result might be correlative to mainly self-pollinated breeding system of E. nutans. （4） UPGMA cluster analysis based on Nei ＇s unbiased measures of genetic identity was assayed for five geographical groups of Elymus nutons, indicating that there was a significantly positive correlation between genetic differentiation and geographical habits among the fivegroups.