DNA指纹图谱技术及其在作物品种资源中的应用

DNA Fingerprinting Technology and its Application in Crop Germplasm Resources

随着各种新型DNA分子标记的出现,带动了DNA指纹图谱技术的快速发展。本文简要阐述了几种常见DNA指纹鉴定技术,如限制性片段长度多态性(restrictionfragmentlengthpolymorphism,简称RFLP)、随机扩增多态性DNA(randomamplifiedpolymorphicDNA,简称RAPD)、扩增片段长度多态性(am-plifiedfragmentlengthpolymorphism,简称AFLP)、简单重复序列或微卫星标记(simplesequencerepeat,简称SSR)、内部简单重复序列(inter-simplesequencerepeat,简称ISSR)和单核苷酸多态性(singlenucleotidepoly-morphisms,简称SNPs)等的基本原理、在技术上的优缺点及其在作物品种资源中的应用,包括品种的鉴定、纯度的检测、品种亲缘关系与分类的研究及品种专利权的正当维护等。同时,对DNA指纹图谱技术在应用中的存在问题及相应的解决途径进行了简单的讨论,如目前DNA的提取方法与育种应用的大规模群体不相适应和大多数DNA指纹图谱检测技术仍比较繁琐,限制了该技术在育种中的大规模应用等。

DNA fin gerprinting technologies have been rapidly developed with the appearance of kinds of new DNA molecular markers recently. This paper briefly reviewed the basic principle, advantages and disadvantages of several DNA fingerprinting technology, such as restriction fragment polymorphism （RFLP）, random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD）, amplified fragmentlength polymorphism （AFLP）, simple sequence repeat （SSR）, inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR） and single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） etc. And its application in crops germplasm, including the identification of crop varieties, the examination of seed purity, the study of relationship and classification of crop varieties and the exact protection of crop varieties patents. In addition, the problems existing in the application of DNA fingerprinting technology and the ways to solve them were also briefly discussed, such as the contradiction between DNA extraction methods and application of breeding populations, limited application due to complicated relatively technique of many DNA fingerprinting, etc.