糖、GA3及ABA对印度娃儿藤(Tylophora indica(Burm.f.)Merrill)体细胞胚发生的影响

Effect of Sugars,Gibberellic Acid and Abscisic Acid on Somatic Embryogenesis in Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merrill

从印度娃儿藤节间外植体获取愈伤组织,分析了糖、赤霉素(GA3)及脱落酸(ABA)对愈伤组织形成体细胞的影响。实验证明,含4μmol/L2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)的MS培养基是获得具有成胚功能的愈伤组织的最佳培养基。在含有6μmol/L激动素(Kn)的MS培养基上,高达69%的愈伤组织分化为体细胞胚,平均单位外植体(每克愈伤组织)产胚25个。在6μmol/LKn存在的条件下,分析了蔗糖、葡糖糖对胚产生的影响,不同的糖及不同糖浓度对体细胞胚的发生影响很大。6μmol/L Kn与200mmol/L蔗糖处理胚胎发生率最大(71%),单位外植体生成49个胚。然而葡萄糖与Kn、或者葡糖糖、蔗糖与Kn三者加在一起则降低成胚率及产胚数。一定浓度的GA3和ABA能促进体细胞胚的产生。在含200mmol/L蔗糖的培养基中加10μmol/LGA3胚的生成率为98%,单位外植体产胚51个。在含200mmol/L蔗糖的培养基中加2μmol/L ABA能显著增加体细胞胚的量,该培养基上每外植体平均生成44个胚,产率为95%。本研究显示,含200mmol/L蔗糖的培养基中分别加入6μmol/L Kn、10μmol/L GA3或者2μmol/L ABA能显著提高印度娃儿藤体细胞胚发生率,而单独的葡萄糖或葡糖糖和蔗糖则有抑制作用。得到的胚均能正常发育并分化为植株。

The effect of sugars, gibberellic acid （ GA3 ） and abscisic acid （ABA） on somatic embryogenesis from internodal explant-derived callus of Tylophora indica （Burm f. ） Merrill has been investigated. Embryogenic calli were produced from internodal explants and the best result was achieved by using MS medium supplemented with 4μmol/L 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2, 4-D）. Up to 69% of such embryogenic calli differentiated into somatic embryos with an average of 25 embryos per explant （per gram of the calli） on Murashige and Skoog （MS） medium containing 6μmol/L kinetin （Kn）. The individual effect of sucrose and glucose together with 6μmol/L Kn was evaluated. There was a significant difference among concentrations of sugar and among kinds of sugar tested in somatic embryogenesis. Sucrose at 200mmol/L with 6μmol/L Kn gave rise to a maximum embryogenesis （71% ） with an average of 49 embryos per explant. However, glucose together with 6μmol/L Kn or a combination of glucose, sucrose and 6μmol/L Kn reduced the percentage of embryogenesis culture and the number of embryos per explant. The presence of GA3 and ABA at particular concentrations promoted somatic embryogenesis in T. indica. The addition of 10μmol/L GA3 into the 200mmol/L sucrose-containing medium gave a 98% embryogenesis response with an average of 51 embryos per explant. Somatic embryogenesis was significantly enhanced by the addition of 2μmol/L ABA to 200mmol/L sucrosecontaining medium. On this medium 95 % embryogenesis with an average of 44 embryos per explant was observed. The study reported here indicates that 200mmol/L sucrose with 6μmol/L Kn, 200mmol/L sucrose with 10μmol/L GA3 and 200mmol/L sucrose with 2μmol/L ABA significantly improved somatic embryogenesis in T. indica whereas glucose alone or in combination with sucrose had an inhibitory role. The embryos obtained developed normally and were easily converted into plants.