摘要
一般来说,人类接触到的持久性有机污染物(POPs)主要来源于食物。本研究分析了来自37个国家的64份黄油样品中的多氯二苯并二恶英(PCDDs),多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs),多氯联苯同类物(PCBs),六氯苯(HCB)和双对氯苯基三氯乙烷(DDT)及其主要代谢产物,从而估计其在全世界的污染状况。本研究的目的是对黄油中的有机卤素污染物的存在状况进行估计,探寻地区差异,并且对黄油中的PCDDs/Fs和类二恶英PCBs的毒性当量(TEQs)进行测定。研究发现韩国黄油中的PCDD/F浓度最高,平均1.4 PgTEQ/g脂重(l.w.),额外还有0.55 Pg TEQ/g脂重来自非原多氯联苯和单原多氯联苯。比利时黄油中的PCDDs/Fs和PCBs的平均浓度分别为0.53和1.2 PgTEQ/g脂重,但是来自比利时的黄油中有一份的TEQ水平高达4.0 Pg TEQ/g脂重。来自葡萄牙的5份黄油样品中有3份的PCDD/FTEQ水平较高。欧洲黄油中∑PCB的水平比来自世界其它地区的要高一些。CB-153平均占到总PCB含量的22%(SD6.4,变异系数为29%)。总体上来说,PCBs占到总TEQ值的大约60%,这其中CB-126占了大约一半。这表明类二恶英PCBs在总TEQs中占有重要份额。来自俄罗斯、乌克兰、比利时和斯洛文尼亚的黄油样品的HCB水平最高。南半球地区黄油的HCB通常比较低。来自东欧国家的黄油样品的∑DDT浓度比较高,特别是来自乌克兰的样品,其次是一些来自俄罗斯、巴西和美国的样品。
The main source of human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is,in general, food.In this study,64 butter samples from 37 countries were analyzed to assess the global contamination of polychlorinated dibenzo-pdioxins (PCDDs),dibenzofurans (PCDFs), biphenyls (PCBs),hexachlorobenzene (HCB),and 2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1 - trichloroethane (DDT) together with its major metabolites.The objectives of the study were to assess the presence of major organohalogen contaminants in butter,to trace geographical differences,and to determine toxic equivalents (TEQs) of PCDDs/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in butter.The highest PCDD/F concentrations were found in butter from Korea with an average of 1.4 pg TEQ g^(-1) lipid weight (l.w.).from PCDD/F and an additional contribution from the non- and mono-ortho-PCBs of 0.55 pg TEQ g^(-1) l.w.Belgian butter showed average levels of 0.53 and 1.2 pg TEQ g ^(-1) l.w.for PCDDs/Fs and PCBs, respectively,but one sample of Belgium butter had a total TEQ level as high as 4.0 pg TEQ g^(-1) l.w.Three out of five butter samples from Portugal showed similarly high PCDD/ F TEQ levels.The RPCB levels in European butter appeared to be somewhat higher than in the samples from the rest of the world.The average contribution of CB-153 to the total PCB concentration was 22% (SD 6.4,coefficient of variation 29%).Generally,the PCBs contributed around 60% of the total TEQ value,with CB-126 contributing approximately half of this value.This shows the important TEQ contribution from dioxinlike PCBs to the total TEQs.The highest HCB levels were found in butter samples from Russia,Ukraine, Belgium,and Slovenia.Low levels of HCB in butter were generally found in the Southern Hemisphere.Butter samples from countries from Eastern Europe had elevated RDDT concentrations,with a particularly high concentration in Ukraine butter,followed by some Russian samples,Brazil,and the US.
