安息香科植物地理分布研究

The Geographical Distribution of Styracaceae

安息香科植物共１２属，约１５０种，分布于亚洲和美洲的热带亚热带地区及欧洲南部的温暖地区。亚洲是现代安息香科植物的主要分布区，有１１个属，集中分布于中国南部和西南部附近。中国南岭山地及其附近汇集了８属２０多种，包括中国特有的陀螺果属、秤锤树属和长果安息香属以及东亚北美间断分布的银钟花属。这些呈星散分布的残余成分是从当地起源的。中国西南地区的安息香科植物仅云南一地就达８属３０余种，其中不少为局部分化形成的狭域分布特有种。这里是安息香科植物的分化中心，茉莉果属和歧序野茉莉属可能即是由此发端的。后者和安息香属经中南半岛一直分布到热带亚洲地区，并在马来西亚地区形成一次生分化中心。欧洲安息香科植物可能来自亚洲，并于第三纪得到发展。安息香科植物在欧洲的衰落，可能是遭到第四纪冰川严重破坏的结果。北美安息香科植物和欧亚大陆的有着共同起源，主要分布于东南部，并通过中美向南美发展。南美安息香科植物达５０余种，集中分布于亚马逊河流域。这里是安息香科植物的另一次生分化中心。特产巴西的花弄蝶属即是从当地分化出来的。

Authors suggest to define “East Asian forest subkingdom' and “Hengduang-Himalayan Mts. forest subkingdom”instead of “Sino-Japan forest subkingdom' and “Sino-Himalayan forest subkkingdom' for the regionalization of Chinese Flora, because both “Sino' do not be used for the representations of geography of whole country. Otherwise, it would be equitable to introduce the “ Sino-C.Asia steppe & desert subkingdom', “Sino-Pamir Plateau subkingdom' and “Sino-S.Asia tropical forest & Savanna subkingdom' instead of “Asiatic desert subkingdom', “Eurasia steppe subkingdom', 、“Qinghai -Xizang plateau subkingdom' and “Malaysian subkingdom'. Authors also suggest to divide the subtropical zone in China, into cool, central and warm subtropical subzones for the climatic and plant vegetative zones instead of North, Central and South subtropical subzones, because it is easy to be confused by the subtropical zones in North, “Central ' or in South Hemispheres and it is also named the cold temperate, temperate and warm temperate subzones instead of North, Central &South temperate subzones. All of nomenclatures are equitable to be used in both Hemispheres.