明末清初民间宗教的民族观析论——以《冬明历》为例

An Analyze of the Ethnic Idea in Grass-Root Religion from Late Ming to earlier Qing: An Example of the Dong Ming Li (冬明历)

《冬明历》是明清时代流传较广、影响较大的民间宗教经书之一,其史料价值弥足珍贵。很长一个时期以来,由于《冬明历》的完整版本一直未被发现,因此对于该书的具体内容和性质,学界多有不识,偶有论及者,或失之偏颇,或流入想像和臆测。本文主要以新近发现的抄本《冬明历》为第一手材料,考察了《冬明历》一书的基本结构及其相关问题,并在明末清初民族冲突的大背景下,重点探讨了民间宗教“夷夏之辨”、反清复明、帝王观的流变与满汉混同等相关问题,为更加深入、全面地认识明末清初的民族与宗教问题提供一种新的研究视角。

The Dong Ming Li was a popular influencing classic of the grass-root religion in Ming and Qing dynasty. It is valuable as a historical resource. However, the nature and detailed content of the book is rarely known for a long time while its full text is not discovered. The argument of few of studies on it is often bias, or full of imaginary and surmise. This paper examines the basic structure of the book and related question on the basis of the first-hand resource, handwritten copy discovered recently of the Dong Ming Li. And according to the book, the paper explores the idea of “different between Yi and Xia” (夷夏之辨), “revolting against Qing and recovering Ming” (反清复明), change of the emperor, and fusion of the Manchu and Han in grass-root religions on the context of the national conflict from late Ming to earlier Qing. The research opens a new view for the studies of ethnic and religious problems then.