贵州省务川地区土法炼汞工人汞蒸汽暴露调查及健康影响评价

Mercury Vapor Exposure Survey and Health Impact Evaluation of Indigenous Smelting Method Workers in Wuchuan District, Guizhou Province

为探讨土法炼汞过程中汞蒸汽暴露对炼汞工人健康的影响,测定了贵州省务川土法炼汞区和对照区(贵州省长顺县)人群的尿汞、尿常规参数(pH、葡萄糖、尿胆红素原、潜血、尿蛋白)、尿肌酐和尿β2微球蛋白含量,并对两地区人群进行了详细的健康检查．测定结果显示,土法炼汞区人群尿汞和尿β2微球蛋白的平均含量分别高达779μg·g-1 Cr 和208．5μg·g-1 Cr,远远高于对照区人群的尿汞1．24μg·g-1 Cr和尿β2微球蛋白75．4μg·g-1 Cr．分析表明,务川地区土法炼汞人群遭受了较严重的汞蒸汽暴露,部分暴露人群已经表现出轻度慢性汞中毒的症状,其肾脏已经遭受到一定程度的损伤．

To discuss health impact of mercury vapor exposure to workers using indigenous smelting method in Wuchuan District, we determined urinary mercury, urinary parameters, creatinine and 132-MG contents among the population in idigenous mercury smelting and control areas, and a particular physical check-up was conducted. Results indicated that the mean value of urinary mercury was up to 779 μg·g^-1 Cr for smelting workers in polluted areas which were significantly higher than 1.24 μg·g^-1 Cr for persons in the control areas. Urinary 132-MG contents showed the same trend, the mean value was up to 208.5 μg·g^-1 Cr for smelting workers contrast to 75.4tμg·g^-1 Cr for persons in control areas. Several workers in the polluted areas have developed some clinical symptoms of lightly chronic mercury poisoning. These all indicate that the workers with indigenous smelting method in Wuchuan District were seriously exposed to mercury vapor, even several persons have developed lightly chronic poisoning of mercury and their kidneys were damaged by mercury vapor to a certain extent.