太原某小学超重及肥胖儿童膳食状况现况调查

Cross-sectional study on diet for overweight and obesity pupils and their parents in Taiyuan

目的通过营养与健康问卷及膳食结构调查,了解超重及肥胖儿童在膳食Knowledge-Attitude-Pattern及膳食结构中存在的主要问题,以便有针对性地进行干预。方法根据体检结果以同时满足我国学生体质调研资料制订的身高标准体重BMI指数≥24为超重,≥26为肥胖两项作为判定标准,共确定超重及肥胖儿童81人。采用3日记账法记录儿童连续3 d(其中必须包括一个休息日)的膳食摄入情况;采用问卷法进行膳食K-A-P现况调查。结果肥胖儿童营养与健康知识部分及格率37.00%,态度部分及格率82.70%,行为部分及格率88.90%。肥胖儿童的膳食结构不合理,蛋白质及多种微量元素摄入不足,脂肪摄入量高。儿童的蛋白质、钙、锌、维生素B的平均摄入量低于标准摄入量,经u检验,均差异有显著性(P<0.05);铁、维生素E的平均摄入量高于标准摄入量,经u检验,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。结论儿童在营养与健康的知识、态度、行为上都存在知识水平不足、态度和行为不良的问题。肥胖儿童的膳食结构不合理。

Objective To study the problems in the diet structure and knowledge-attitude-pattern problems in overweight and obesity children in Taiyuan for carrying out the intervention on their diet. Methods On the basis of results of physical examination （BMI≥24, overweight; BMI≥26,obesity）, all 81 overweight and obesity children were enrolled. Three-day diets were recorded to analyze the diet structure in these children. The knowledge-attitude-pattern cross-sectional study was pedorrned by using the ques- tionnaire. Results In these children, the pass rate of diet and health knowledge was 37.00 %, attitude pass rate was 82.70 % and behavior pass rate was 88.90 %. The diet structure of overweight and obesity children was unreasonable. The protein and some microelernents were deficient, while the fat intake was excessive. The average intake of protein, calcium, zinc and vitamin B were all lower than the standard intake （P〈0.05）,but the average intake of iron and vitamin E was more than the standard intake （P〈 0.05）. Conclusion The children＇ knowledge of diet deficient. Their attitude and behavior of nutrition and health are deficient. The diet structure of overweight and obesity children is unreasonable.