直接饲喂微生物培养物对奶牛瘤胃发酵产甲烷及生产性能的影响

The Effect of Different Direct-fed Microbial Culture on Methane Production in Vitro and Production Performance in Dairy Cattle

一个甲烷分子的地球变暖潜力是一个二氧化碳分子的20倍。据预测地球变暖引发的温室效应1/4归咎于大气层中不断增加的甲烷浓度。地球变暖效果的2%是由家畜产生甲烷引起的。家畜所产生的甲烷大部分来源于反刍动物瘤胃发酵。有必要找到一种有效降低反刍动物产生甲烷的方法。本试验包括2个部分。1采用短期人工瘤胃发酵的方法研究了6种不同直接饲喂微生物培养物——酵母培养物和芽孢杆菌培养物对奶牛瘤胃发酵产甲烷的影响。试验分酿酒酵母、热带假丝酵母、扣囊酵母、地衣芽孢杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、空白7个处理,每个处理20个重复,每个重复一支短期人工瘤胃发酵用注射器。于39℃培养24h,结果表明,3种酵母培养物中的酿酒酵母组和扣囊酵母组显著提高了甲烷产量(P<0.05),热带假丝酵母组显著降低了甲烷产量(P<0.05);3种芽孢杆菌培养物中的地衣芽孢杆菌组显著降低了甲烷产量(P<0.05),蜡样芽孢杆菌组和枯草芽孢杆菌组也降低了甲烷产量,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。2选用32头体况、胎次、泌乳日龄相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成4组即地衣芽孢杆菌培养物组、蜡样芽孢杆菌培养物组、枯草芽孢杆菌培养物组和对照组,每组8头,每组设8个重复,每个重复1头。预饲期15d,试验期3d。结果表明,地衣芽孢杆菌组显著提高了产奶量(P<0.05)。其它组和对照组比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。

Each molecule of methane has about 20 times the global warming potential of a carbon dioxide molecule. Increasing atmospheric concentrations of methane are believed to be responsible for about a quarter of the predicted global warming associated with the so-called greenhouse effect. The methane produced by livestocks are believed to be responsible for 2% of the global warming of which a great part produced by ruminant animal＇s rumen fermentation. It＇s necessary to find a effective way to decrease the methane production produced by ruminant animals. Two parts were involved in this experiment. 1 The short term rumen simulation technique was used in this experiment in order to study the effect of different direct-fed microbial on methane production in the rumen. Seven treatments, i. e. , Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, Candida tropicalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus Licheniformis, Bacillus Subtilis, Bacillus cereus var. mycoides were used. Each treatment had ten replicates. Each treatment was kept at 39℃ for 24 hours. Results showed that Candida tropicalis group and Licheniforrnis group decreased the methane production（P〈0.05）, Saccheromyces cerevisiae group and Saccharomycopsis fibuligera group increased the total gas production （P〈0. 05）, but both of them had no significant effect on methane production （P〉0.05）,Bacillus Subtilis group and Bacillus cereus war. mycoides group decreased the methane production （P〉0. 05）. 2 Thirty-two Chinese Holstein cows with similar body condition,lactation number and days in milk were selected in this experiment. The cows were randomly divided into four groups. Four treatments, i. e. , Bacillus Licheniformis group, Bacillus Subtilis group, Bacillus cereus vat. mycoides group and control group. Each treatment had eight replicates, each replicate had one cow. Results showed that Bacillus Licheniformis group increased the milk yield （P〈0.05）. The other two groups didn＇t have significant effect on milk yield than the control group （P〉0.05）.