中国南方传统聚落景观区划及其利用价值

Landscape communities of traditional settlement in southern China and their values of conservation and utilization

聚落文化景观是文化景观研究的最有效的切入点。由于中国南方地区较为多样化的地理环境和文化背景,传统聚落景观的多样化特点比北方地区表现得更为鲜明。不同地方环境与文化背景下的南方传统聚落景观,表现出较为明显的地域分异和景观意象差异,从而划分出识别性较强的8个聚落景观区和40个景观亚区。8个聚落景观区为:Ⅰ.江浙水乡聚落景观区;Ⅱ.皖赣徽商聚落景观区;Ⅲ.闽粤赣边客家聚落景观区;Ⅳ.浙南闽台沿海丘陵聚落景观区;Ⅴ.岭南广府聚落景观区;Ⅵ.湘鄂赣平原山地聚落景观区;Ⅶ.云贵高原及桂西北多民族聚落景观区;Ⅷ.四川盆地及周边巴蜀聚落景观区。南方传统聚落景观区的保护与利用价值主要表现在其独特的遗产价值、科学价值、美学价值及旅游价值。

The cultural landscape of settlement is the most effective approach to the cultural landscape studies. Owing to the factors of its geographical location, local culture and architectural materials and methods, the traditional settlement landscape in southern China has presented many rich characteristics of cultural diversity in regions, and a variety of communities in the settlement landscape has taken shape. These communities of settlement landscape are significant when taking the conservation and the utilization values into consideration. This article presents the following viewpoints： （1）Being settlement landscape resulting from an integration of human activity and the natural landscape, human settlements and architectural styles appear to be most sustainable, symbolic and representative. Therefore, taking the settlement landscape as a point of contact for cultural landscape studies still remains as an important approach and content of study of cultural geagraphy. （2） Starting from a social-psychological concept of ＂Image＂, the authors are trying to explore the structure and the features of the traditional settlement landscapes in southern China. A new form of cultural landscape analysis and exhibition will be represented, which provides a fresh perspective for the studies of traditional cultural landscape. （3） The leading factor of Landscape Identity is architectural feature when dividing settlement landscape communities, i.e. zones of settlement landscape. The second is the local cultural factor, and local building materials and methods follow. The architecture features reflect a combination of these factors. （4） This article proposes to divide the traditional settlement landscape in southern China into eight basic communities （i. e. landscape zones）, regarding the internal similarity of landscape ＂Image＂ as a precondition, and the relative consistency characteristics as the primary distinction. The architectural landscape demonstrates strong features such as ＂visibility ＂and ＂imageability＂. （5） Multiple values of conservation and utilization lie in the communities of traditional settlement landscape in southern China. The main values include heritage value, scientific value, aesthetical value and ＂destination＂ value, which have received greater and greater social attention.