上海市中心城社会区分析

Social areas of the central urban area in Shanghai

以第五次人口普查数据为基础,对上海市中心城社会区进行研究。结果表明,老年与外来人口、社会经济地位、居住条件、商服与农业人口和公房住宅是形成转型期上海中心城社会区的5个主要因子。城区社会区可划分成6种类型:老年人口集中的旧城区、高社会经济地位居住区、单位公房居住带、人口导入的新建住宅区、外来人口聚居区、农业人口散居区;城市社会空间在整体的同心圆结构基础上呈现出与扇形、多核心结构的综合。并从城市发展的历史、城市规划、土地使用制度改革与旧城改造、户籍管理制度、住房福利分配制度及市场化改革等方面探讨了其形成机制。

Urban socio-spatial structure is an important research results on urban geography. The research results on urban social areas in urban China are rather limited. Based on the fifth national census data in 2000 at subdistrict level of Shanghai＇s Central Urban Area, the social area analysis was carried out by using the method of factorial ecological analysis. The result reveals that there are mainly five factors which underlay the social spatial structure of Shanghai in the transitional period. （1） old and temporary population,exhibiting approximately concentric zonal distribution; （2） socio-economic status, exhibiting an obvious sectoral distribution; （3） residential condition, presenting concentric circle distribution; （4）commercial and agricultural population, displaying approximately multi-nuclei distribution; and （5） public housing, exhibiting zonal distribution along the inner-ring road of Shanghai. The social areas in Shanghai can be divided into six types by cluster analysis, the inner city concentrated with old population, located in the urban core area; higher socio-economic residential areas, located in the southwest and north sectors; work-unit public housing residential zone, located along the inner-ring road; newly built house area with large immigrated population, located between the inner-ring and outer-ring roads; temporary population aggregated areas,located in the urban fringe; and agricultural population scattered residential area, located in the periphery area. The concept model of the urban social mosaic exhibits generally a zonal pattern with the synthesis of sectoral and multi-nuclei pattern. We hold that the history of urban development, urban planning, reform of land-use institution and urban renewal, the release of Hukou management, the welfare of housing distribution system and its market-oriented reform constituted the main formation mechanism. The dual influence of planning and market is embodied.