世界松籽资源生产利用现状及我国松籽发展对策探讨

Global Pine Nut Species Resource,Production,Market and Prospects for China

松籽是一种美味的非木质林产品,全球有30多个松属物种可以生产可食用松籽,但目前只有5个物种的松籽被用于商业生产。近年来,国际松籽市场规模在不断扩大,产品供不应求,价格居高不下。我国是松籽生产及进出口大国,年产量在2万t左右,出口量占世界松籽贸易量的40%以上,居首位,但出口的松籽多数原产于俄罗斯。近几年俄罗斯国内消费量在不断增长,加之俄罗斯远东及西伯利亚生产松籽的森林被大面积地砍伐破坏,我国不可能长期依赖进口满足国内消费及出口需求。因此,建议对我国果用松林的经济与生态重要性进行再评估,并考虑起动相关研究,挖掘潜力,对生产松籽的松林实施园艺式高效经营或作为专门产业来管理。

Pine nut is a gourmet non-timber forest product. There are more than 30 species pine can produce the edible pine nut in the world. But only five species are commercially important nut producers. Pine nuts are mainly harvested in natural stands in many regions of the world; the seed orchard is rare currently. Pine nut and pine nut products have widely field uses, such as food, medicine and cosmetics, beauty products, etc. Recently, the demand of pine nut rapidly increasing in the world. World pine nut production falls far short of demand. Pine nuts are one of the most expensive nuts on the market. China was one of the largest producer, consumer and exporter of pine nut, in a crop year, there are producing may be around 20 000 tons of pine nut, and the world consumes more than 40% of pine nuts exported from China. But, most of those export nuts originated in Russia. There existed growing domestic and world demand and the world wide scarcity of pine nut supply for pine nuts. Therefore, it is proposed that： （1） adjusting management practices of existing pine woodlands to recognize the economic value of pine nut production; （2） initiating a program to study the tree improvement for high pine nut production; （3） exploring the pine nut production potential of other native pine species; （4） considering introduction of pine nut producing species for growing in horticulture.