普通小麦T型和K型胞质雄性不育系败育过程细胞学观察和同工酶检测

The Cytological Observation and Isozymes Electrophoresis Detection on Microspore Abortion Process of Cmst and Cmsk Lines in Wheat

利用细胞学观察和同工酶电泳测试，分析了普通小麦Ｔ型和Ｋ型胞质雄性不育系、保持系和恢复系花药的发育过程，结果表明：（１）用同工酶电泳检测小麦Ｔ型和Ｋ型雄性不育胞质效应的区别有效。（２）酯酶酶谱较过氧化物酶酶谱更能清楚地检测两类不同胞质不育系败育发生的时期和程度。（３）细胞学观察表明，Ｔ型不育系小孢子在双核期其细胞核绝大部分不存在，成为空壳，败育较早，较迅速，这可能是其恢复源较狭窄的原因之一；而Ｋ型不育系小孢子在发育后期，从外观看与保持系区别不大，但有的细胞核解体，内含物不充实，败育较晚，较缓慢，较浅，这可能是其恢复源较为广泛的原因之一。

Anther developments of male sterile lines in wheat with T. timopheevi (cmst lines) and Ae. kotechyi (cmsk lines )cytoplasm respectively, their maintainers, as well as their restorer lines were comparatively studied by cytological observation and isozyme zymograms with polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis. The results showed that: (1)it was effective to detect the difference of cytoplasmic effects between cmst and cmsk lines by isozymes electrophoresis method;(2)zymograms with esterase was more effective to distinguish the course of microspore abortion than that with peroxidase; (3)microspore nuclei of cmst lines almost disappeared at binuclear stage, their microspore abortion occured earlier, faster, and deeper than those of cmsk lines. On the other hand,the microspore intracellular space of cmsk lines as contrast with their maintainers at the later stage of microspore development were less filled with materials and also accompanied with nuclei disintegration, but there were no significant differences on their cytological appearances. It may be one of the reasons to explain why the restorer resources are wider in cmsk lines than those of cmst systems.