小麦主要抗旱性状及杂交类型的遗传研究

Genetic Study of Drought-Resistant Characteristics and Crossing Types of Wheat

对６个典型水、旱地小麦品种、三种杂交类型６个组合、５个性状Ｆ２世代的遗传研究表明：旱地条件下，单株产量，穗节长分别表现完全显性和超亲优势，且遗传传递力强，变异系数大，是Ｆ２重点选择性状；穗粒数也具有超亲优势，但遗传力弱，变异系数小，株高表现完全显性，遗传力较强，但变异系数甚小。此二性状应在Ｆ２后进行较大量地连续选择；旗叶长的３个遗传值均最小，应在高代再行选择。旱／旱、旱／水、水／水３种杂交类型中，旱／水类组合性状遗传力强，变异系数高，应作为旱地杂交的首选类型。

The genetic research of F2 generation of six typical wheat varieties and three crosslug types,six organizations and five properties show that in drought situation yield of single plant and joint length under the ear show complete dominance and surpassing parents. They have strong ability of genetic transmit and bigger coefficient of variation,and they are main selection property in F2 generation;The number of grain of each ear surpass parents too. Both abilities of genetic transmit and variation coefficient are little. The length of plant shows complete dominance and strong ability of genetic transmit, but variation coefficient is very little, these two properties should be elected largely and continualy after F2 generation. All of the three genetic value of the length of the flag leaf are smallest, it should be elected in high generation. Among drought/ drought, drought/water and water/water, these three crossing types,drought/water has strong ability genetic transmit and bigger variation coefficient,it should be the first type of drought-resistant variaty breeding.