论训诂中的逻辑问题

On Logic Problem of Chinese Hermeneutic

前人在运用训诂方法训释词义的时候,往往难免在概念、判断和推理等方面出现逻辑错误,而这些又往往与违反思维的基本规律密切相关。训诂在概念方面所出现的逻辑问题,一般表现在内涵与外延不明确这两个方面;在判断方面所出现的逻辑问题,一般表现在把误字当做正字、把衍文当做正文、把虚词当做实词、误动为静或误静为动、把借字当做本字、把引申义当做本义、把联绵词当做两个单词等方面;在推理方面所出现的逻辑问题,一般表现在以偏概全、机械类比和前提不真实等方面;在思维规律方面所出现的逻辑问题,一般表现在违反同一律、违反不矛盾律、违反充足理由律等方面。

Logic mistakes such as concept, estimation and consequence were used to be made by the former when they explained the acceptation with Chinese hermeneutic, which always had close relation with no obeying basic rules, In concept, it was appeared with not clear inter containing and outer extending, in estimation, appeared with no correct using with words, in consequence appeared with false and wrong analysis, in rule of thought appeared with disobey some disciplines, etc.