“王权至上”与儒家教化

Kingship-Supremacist and Confucian Civilization

“王权至上”是中国传统政治文化的总框架。“王权至上”之历史现象的形成与儒家“天人感应”理论和宗法观念对国人精神生活的教化有着密不可分的联系。在儒家教化的长期渗透影响下,“王权至上”成为人们不假思索而接受的“理所当然”的信条。人们毫不吝啬地把社会性的精神权威“道”与“圣”虔诚地奉献给了“天”的代表——至高无上的君王。人们的宗教情结寄托在世俗君王的身上。世俗的君王成了人们信奉的最大教主。在这样的政治文化背景下,中国的宗教神权始终是依附、屈从于世俗王权的,既不可能与王权分庭抗礼,更不可能凌驾于王权之上。佛教和道教在中国的兴衰轨迹,充分地证明了这一点。

＂Kingship-Supremacist＂ is the general frame of Chinese traditional political culture. The generation of the historic phenomenon-Kingship-Supremacist is closely related to the civilization of Confucian ＂Heaven-Human telepathy＂ theory and patriarchal clan system conception on people＇s cultural life. Filtered and influenced by the long-term Confucian civilization, ＂Kingship-Supremacist＂ became a ＂taken-for-granted＂ creed which was accepted without any hesitation by people. They unreservedly and devoutly dedicated the social spirit authority-＂ethic＂ and ＂holy＂ to the representative of Heaven- sovereign emperor. People reposed the religion complex in their temporal emperor, which became the greatest hierarch who was embraced by them. Under such a political culture background, Chinese religious theocracy, this adhered and submitted to the temporal kingship all along, could neither stand up to the kingship as an equal nor predominate over it. The prosperity or decline track of Buddhism and Taoism in China has fully proved it.