我国洪水风险图编制技术标准化的探讨

Study on technical standardization for flood risk mapping in China

洪水风险管理需要将工程和非工程措施结合起来,编制洪水风险图是非工程措施中降低洪水风险的重要手段之一。我国洪水风险图编制已经进入全国试点阶段,但至今还没有建立一套指导和规范洪水风险图编制的技术标准。本文结合我国的国情和流域特征,对我国洪水风险图编制中的基础资料、洪水泛滥模拟模型、洪灾损失评价模型以及风险图的表现内容等基本技术和方法的标准化进行了探讨,并提出了我国洪水风险图编制技术标准化和规范化过程中急需解决的问题。

Flood risk management needs to combine structural and non-structural measures. Among the non-structural measures, the flood risk mapping is one of the most important approaches to lowering flood risks. After nearly 20 years of research and investigation, a nationwide pilot project for flood risk mapping in China has commenced recently. However, so far no technical guideline for flood risk mapping in China has been worked out yet. Based on the authors＇ practices and experience in the development and application of mathematical models for flood risk mapping, taking into account the domestic specific situation and features of river basins, this paper presents some investigation results about standardization of basic data, flood inundation models and flood damage assessment methods for flood risk mapping as well as contents to be shown on flood risk maps. Furthermore, some critical issues pertaining to the technical standardization for flood risk mapping in China are addressed. The fundamental techniques and methods described in this paper can provide references for conducting the pilot project of flood risk mapping.