三门峡水库运行水位对湿地水文过程影响研究

Study on effects of water level variation of the Sanmenxia reservoir on wetland hydrological processes

通过对三门峡库区湿地生态系统的水文过程及主要影响因素的调查和分析,研究水库运行水位变化对湿地生态系统水文过程的影响及主要生态效应,为恢复和维持河流生态系统健康提供依据。研究发现,降低水库运行水位,库区湿地面积将大幅度减少,湿地生态需水供给受阻,湿地生境状况出现不利变化,部分湿地将丧失原有的生态功能;湿地生态系统的水文过程变化将导致湿地多样性和景观结构、格局发生明显变化,严重影响区域的景观格局和生态安全;水库运行水位降低,将使库区周边地下水位降低,使地下水的供需平衡更趋恶化。鉴于生态问题的复杂性,需要对运行水位的生态效应进行长期、全面研究,以便采取有效的控制措施和对策。

River systems are the major transportation channels between land ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem, but dams constructed on rivers would greatly impact river ecosystems and change their physical, chemical and biological characteristics. The hydrological process and its major factors of wetland in the Sanmenxia reservoir were investigated focusing on the effects of water level variation on wetland hydrological processes. The results show that the water level fall would reduce the area of wetland and affect the eco-hydrological process, and decrease water supply from surface water and groundwater. This would result in weakening of wetland ecological functions. It also would change wetland diversity and imperil landscape and ecological security. Due to the complexity of ecological effects of water level variation, it is necessary to conduct long terms studies on effects of water level variation on wetland ecology.