抗病毒药对家兔血小板及巨核细胞的影响

Effects of Three Antivirals on Platelets and Megakaryocytes in Rabbits

目的评价利巴韦林、更昔洛韦、单磷酸阿糖腺苷对家兔外周血血小板和骨髓巨核细胞影响。方法家兔20只,随机分为A、B、C、D 4组,每组5只,由耳缘静脉分别注射利巴韦林15 mg.kg-1、更昔洛韦10 mg.kg-1、单磷酸阿糖腺10 mg.kg-1、等容积0.9%氯化钠溶液,每日1次,共14 d,定期抽取外周血及骨髓以观察血小板和巨核细胞变化。结果与D组比较,A和B两组停药1 d时骨髓巨核细胞量均减小(P<0.05),C组更为明显(P<0.01);停药8 d时A、B、C 3组家兔骨髓巨核细胞均有回升。B和D组血小板变化较平稳,而A组血小板先明显上升后回落,C组血小板呈持续下降。巨核细胞和血小板呈现良好相关性(r=0.999,P<0.05)。结论不同抗病毒药对巨核细胞及血小板影响不一,提示临床对血小板或造血功能异常患者应慎重选药。

Objective To appraise the effects of ribavirin, ganciclovir and vidarabine on the peripheral blood platelets and megakaryocytes of the bone marrow in rabbits. Methods 20 rabbits were randomly divided into 4 equal groups. Animals of the groups A, B, C and D were given each a daily Ⅳ injection of 15 mg·kg^-1 of ribavirin, 10 mg·kg^-1 of ganciclovir, 10 mg·kg^-1 of vidarabine and an equivalent amount of 0.9% sodium chloride solution via the marginal vein of the ear, respectively. The course of treatment lasted 14 days. During the treatment course, samples of peripheral blood were collected every 4 days for platelet counting. 1 day as well as 8 days after the termination of the treatment, bone marrow was aspirated for the counting of megakaryoeytes. Results 1 day after the termination of treatment, the numbers of the bone marrow megakocyocytes in rabbits of group A and group B were smaller than that in rabbits of group D （ P 〈 0.05 ）, while the megakaryocyte number in animals of group C was even still smaller than that in animals of group D （P 〈0.01 ）. 8 days after the termination of treatment, bone marrow megakarypocytes in rabbits of group A, B and C were shown to have undergone considerable degrees of restoration in number. A good correlation between megakaryocytes and platelets was demonstrated （ r = 0. 999 ,P 〈0.05 ）. During the course of treatment, the platelet countings showed a sharp increase at first followed by a gradual fall in rabbits of group A, a sustained decline in animals of group C and no impressive changes in rabbits of group B and group D. Conclusion Different antivirals were shown to have different effects on megakaryocytes and platelets in rabbits, suggesting that one should be prudent in the choice of drugs for patients with disorders of platelet and hemopoietic functions.