论大型国有企业失业人员的转型适应与社会认同基于辽宁省的个案调查

The Transitional Adaptation and Societal Recognition of the Unemployed in Large State-Owned Enterprises-A Case Study of Liaoning Province

大型国有企业下岗失业人员再就业出现困难的一个重要因素是其转型适应发生了障碍,其根源在于单位习性的惯性作用和社会认同的自弃制约。单位习性源自国有企业长期的计划经济体制施行的影响;社会认同的自弃行为则是计划经济体制与市场经济体制运行脱节的现实表现。转型适应有同化、整合、分化和边缘化四种表现形式。同化、整合是转型适应的良性状态;而分化和边缘化则是其恶性状态。分化和边缘化的产生是由于体制内社会国家责任过重、社会保障项目过于全面等因素的影响。就社会政策的导向效用而言,社会保障必须把握一定的度,否则就会导致保护懒惰的消极后果。

An important factor for the difficulty in obtaining reemployment by the laid-off or unemployed from the sector of the state-owned enterprises is the barriers to their transitional adaptation, which are rooted in the accustomed danwei [basic work unit] habits and the society-approved giving-up restriction . Danwei habits are brewed by the long standing planned economy in the state-owned enterprises; whereas the society-approved giving-up restriction is a product of the disconnection between the planned economy and the market economy. Transitional adaptation displays itself in four forms: assimilation, integration, differentiation and marginalization- the first two are positive, and the last two negative. Differentiation and marginalization result from the overburden of obligations to the country and society within the system and Social Security’s comprehensive coverage. To ensure the realistic directive effects of social policies, Social Security must be managed to its appropriate extent; otherwise, the consequence is a negative protection of laziness.