对《宪法》第84条的两点商榷

Two Points on Item 84 in China Constitution

“职位”是执行一定职务的工作岗位,不能继任、不能代理;能够继任、代理的是基于职位所产生的职务。中华人民共和国主席缺位的时候,应当是由副主席继任(不是继任职位);中华人民共和国主席、副主席都缺位的时候,由全国人大常委会委员长暂时代理主席职务。根据宪法第84条的规定,从中华人民共和国主席、副主席补选开始,到新选出的中华人民共和国主席、副主席就职时这段时间,国家主席的职务无人执行。应当将“在补选以前”改为“在补选出的中华人民共和国主席、副主席就职以前”,使全国人大常委会委员长代理主席职务的终止时间与中华人民共和国新的主席执行职务的时间相衔接。

A post is designed for a duty. The duty can be succeeded and substituted, while the post cannot. In China Constitution, the vice-president can succeed in case that the president＇s position is not filled. But what is succeeded is the duty, not the post. When both positions for the president and the vice-president are vacant, the Chairman of National People＇s Congress can act as a temporary president. According to Item 84 of Constitution, the posts of the president and the vice-president should remain vacant from the beginning of by-election till the time when the new presidents take office. It is proposed in the paper that the words ＂the period before the by-election＂ in Item 84 should be revised as ＂the period before the newly-elected president and the vice- president take office. ＂The revision is supposed to make the ending of the acting president coincide with the starting of the new president.