社会主义市场经济要求政府体制改革什么

What Government Reforms Are Needed For Socialist Market Economy

“十一五”规划强调行政管理体制改革要以继续推进“政企分开,政经分开,政事分开”为主要内容。政府兼有作为“政治实体”和“经济实体”两重身份和两种职能,乃是“政企不分”、“政经不分”的体制根源。这种体制是建国初期从前苏联学来的,长期成为计划经济的源头,现在成为建立社会市场经济的严重障碍。为此,必须让政府从两重身份和两重职能中脱身,仅只具有“政治实体”身份和“公共服务”职能,统辖提供公共产品和公共服务的国企;另在政府之外设置一个作为经济实体的国家载体(如“人大”),统辖经营性竞争性国企。首先分清和分开两类职能不同的国企,即财政账户项目类国企和资本账户项目类国企,应该退出经营性竞争性行业和领域的是政府而不是国企。再循此理顺中央与地方的关系,应是产权明晰,分级所有,可相互参股或控股。政府行政管理体制改革最需要体制创新。

The 11th Five Years＇ plan stresses that the institutional reform in government administration should focus on the separation of government function from enterprise management, the separation of government function from economic affairs, and the separation of government function from undertaking affairs. Factually the mixture of government administration and enterprise management as well as the mixture of government administration and economic affairs derives from the pattern of government with dual capacity （both political entity and economics entity） and dual function. This political pattern was copied by China from former Soviet Union since the founding of PRC. This pattern of government used to be the institutional source of planned economy in the past; now it constitutes the serious obstacle to the establishment of a socialist market economy. In this connection, it is necessary to let the government get away from its dual capacity and dual function, that is, the government will be endowed only with the capacity of political entity which only fulfill function of public service. Beside the government, another state system of economic entity（e.g.. People＇s Congress） should be set up, which exercises control of the state-owned competitive enterprises. What we have to do firstly is to distinquish two different kinds of state-owned enterprises （SOE） ： the SOEs of budget account item and the SOEs of capital account item. It is the government not the SOE which should withdraw away from the competitive industries and fields. Secondly, we should straighten out the relationship between the central SOEs and the local SOEs accordingly in this way ： clearly established ownership, level-level ownership, purchasing stocks or holding a controlling number of shares mutually. What is most indispensable for government reform is the institutional innovation.