不同基因型糯玉米氮素吸收利用效率的研究 Ⅰ.氮素吸收利用的基因型差异

The differences of nitrogen uptake and utilization in waxy corn Ⅰ.The difference genotypes in absorption and utilization of nitrogen

为明确糯玉米的氮素吸收利用特性及为因种施肥和氮素高效利用提供依据,开展了同一氮素供应水平下31个糯玉米品种氮素吸收利用的基因型差异研究.结果表明,生产鲜穗、鲜子粒和成熟子粒糯玉米的氮素利用效率品种间变异范围分别为57.82～98.65、39.43～61.31和31.70～53.70 kg/kg.聚类分析指出,无论其收获产品是鲜穗、鲜子粒还是成熟子粒,均属于高产、氮素高效吸收利用的品种有6个,其百公斤鲜穗、鲜子粒及成熟子粒需氮量平均值分别为1.244、1.884和2.091kg.通径分析表明,提高品种鲜穗和鲜子粒产量,改良吸氮总量起主导作用;提高成熟期子粒产量,改良吸氮总量和氮素利用效率并重.

In order to understand the characteristic of nitrogen uptake and utilization and provide guidance for fertilization in accordance with varieties and high nitrogen utilization efficiency （NUE）, 31 waxy corn（Zea mays L. ceratina Kulesh） varieties released in recent years in China were selected to analyze their genotype differences of NUE under the same nitrogen fertilization condition. The results showed that the NUE variation of fresh ear, fresh grain and maturity grain among varieties were 57.82-98.65, 39.43-61.31 and 31.70-53.70 kg/kg, respectively. Through cluster analysis, 6 varieties of Feng nuo 2146, Jing ke nuo 267, Hu yu nuo 3, Jing ke nuo 218, Qian nuo 668 and Jing ke nuo 2000 were regarded as high yield and high NUE, no matter their harvest product being as fresh ear, fresh grain or maturity grain of the produce. In addition, their average N absorption per 100 kg fresh ear, fresh grain and maturity grain was 1. 244, 1.844 and 2.091 kg, respectively. Through path analysis, it was found that the total N uptake had a dominant effect on fresh ear yield and fresh grain yield, while the total N uptake and NUE had a similar effect on maturity grain yield. So the improvement of total N uptake was the crucial for improving the fresh ear and fresh grain yield of waxy corns. However, the improvement of both the total N uptake and NUE together was important for the purpose of improving the maturity grain yield of waxy corns.