抗日战争前夕的学人论政——以《独立评论》的“民主与独裁论争”为中心

Political Debates among Scholars before the Anti-Japanese War: A critique of the "Democracy vs Dictatorship Debate" in Independent Review

《独立评论》是抗日战争爆发前夕学人论政的产物。当时学人论政涉及多个方面,以民主与独裁的论争影响最大。这场论争由福建事变引发,以1934年底汪蒋通电为分水岭。前期的论争基本上是以胡适、蒋廷黻为核心在唱对台戏,这与两人所依附的政治权势密不可分。后期的论争显示文化精英在现实的政治操作与理想的制度追求之间艰难的抉择。无论汪、蒋合流或分裂,只要外敌仍存在,国内政治秩序的规范化没有解决,学理纷争就不可避免。

Independent Review resulted from politieal debates among scholars shortly before the Anti- Japanese War, which served well as a platform for scholars to voice their opinions. Their politieal debates covered many issues, the mast influential being the ＂Democracy vs Dictatorship Debate＂ which was brought about by Fujian Incident. It may be classified into two periods divided by the cooperation betweun Kiang Kai - shek and Wang Jing- wei in 1934. In the first period the debate went on mainly between Hu Shi and Jiang Ting- fu, which was interrelated with the political powers they each depended on. The second period was characterized by the dilemma of the cultural elite＇s political operations in reality and their pursuit of an ideal political system in theory. This paper argues that whether Kiang and Wang cooperated or broke up, as long as there were enemies from foreign countries, it was impossible to normalize domestic political order and theoretical disputes were inevitable.