从民族国家到现代移民国家——论法国的移民历史进程

From the Nation-State to the Modern Country of Immigration:The Process of French Immigrant History

19世纪以来,法国经历了四次大的移民输入的浪潮:第一次是从19世纪到20世纪初,主要来自与法国接壤国家的中欧、南欧和英国的移民潮;第二次是20世纪上半叶,以中东欧国家为主要来源地、以斯拉夫人为主体的移民潮;第三次是从1945年到1973年,先是以中南欧移民为主体,后被来自马格里布等非洲和亚洲国家的移民所取代的移民潮;第四次是1974年至今,以来自世界各地的难民和非法移民为特征的移民潮。经过这四次移民潮,法国从一个单纯的民族国家演变成为非典型意义的现代移民国家。

Since the 19th century France has gone though four immigration waves. The first wave lasted from the 19th century to the early 20th century. Most immigrants were from the neighboring countries in central Europe, South Europe and England. The second wave came in the first half of the 20th century. Most immigrants were from central and east Europe and the Slavonic occupied the largest part. The third wave lasted from 1945 to 1973, during which time most/mmigrants were from central and south Europe at the beginning and then from Maghrebians and other countries in Asia and Africa. The fourth wave has begun in 1974. Most immigrants are refugees and illegal immigrants from all over the world . The four immigration waves have turned France from a pure nation- state to a modem country of immigration.