汉语双宾语句语义分析

On the Semantics of Chinese Double Object Construction

双宾结构的分析涉及到句法与语义的接口问题,而题元角色理论无法从根本上解决其从语义到句法之间的映射问题。Larson采用的是派生的方法,但由于他所运用的X’理论存在着明显的缺陷,使其派生论的解释力明显下降。从双宾结构和与格结构的词汇概念结构、谓词论元结构及表层结构来看,与格结构强调的是动作,而双宾结构强调的是动作所产生的结果,二者之间的转换受词汇语义的限制,因为双宾语句中的动词蕴涵与之相对应的与格结构中的动词。因此,二者的语义可以通过词汇语义学的词汇蕴涵来解释。

The analysis of double object construction involves the interface of semantics and syntax. While thematic theory can not solve the problem of the projection from semantics with this regard. Larson＇ s treatment of double object construction is derivative. But since the X＇ - theory which he used has potential defects, so the explanatory power of his proposal is decreased. The LCS, predicate - argument structure, and the surface structure of double object construction and dative construction show that the later focuses on the act itself with no reference to the consequent results, while the former emphasizes the result. Thus the alternation between them is constrained by the meaning shift of the same verb. And this phenomenon can be made explicit by employing lexical entailment of Lexical Semantics.