试说翻译佛经新词新义的产生理据

On the Motivation of the Creation of New Words and New Meanings in the Chinese Translations of Buddhist Scriptures

关于中土文献与汉译佛经的关系,是近年来佛经语言研究者时常谈论的问题。本文分析“形骂、仁、卧出、哀音”等词的产生过程,从而说明译经新词新义的产生与中土文献息息相关:佛典新词往往运用汉语固有词语或语素构成;佛典新义新用法往往是汉语固有词语含义的引申或扩展; 某些新词往往是汉语固有词语的充分运用。早期汉文佛典在研究汉语词汇发展演变等方面具有重要的价值,但只是中古文献语料的一部分,不应过分夸大其影响,这是我们应有的态度。

In reoent years ,the researohers engaged in the language of Buddhist soriptures pay great attention to the relationship of Chinese literature and Chinese sutra.This artiole proves that Chinese literature is closely linked to the creation of new words and new meanings in the Chinese translations of Buddhist scriptures,by analyzing the oreation prooess of Xingma（形骂）,Ren（仁）,Wochu（卧出）,Aiyin（哀音）.On the one hand,these new words are mostly formed by words or morphemes of Chinese,some of which are the results of fully application of Chinese words.On the other hand,these new meanings are the extension or expansion of Chinese words.Though the early Chinese sutra has important value in the researoh on the development of Chinese vooabulary,we shouldn＇t exaggerate its influenoe exoessively beoause it is only one part of middle anoient Chinese works.