主体性的遮蔽与敞开——《孔子诗论》与《毛诗》论诗方式的差异

Comparative Study on Two Annotative Interpretations on the Book of Poetry

《孔子诗论》与传世文献《毛诗》共同面临着诗乐合一而以仁德为终极趋归的诗歌文本,孔子立足于文本,全力开掘诗歌的基本意蕴———带着个人的体验,使文本意蕴植根于主观体验之中,达到文本与主体情志的融合共生,这种“带着个人体验”的主体性阐释是孔子论诗方式的根本特征。《毛诗》悬置文本本义,却刻意经营诗歌对于王公大人的刺美之旨,指向政治教化,建立了文本意义的体外言说机制。不同的观照视角和感知方式导引出相异的文本意义生发之路,折射了阐释者主体性之遮蔽与敞开的倾向。

Confucius On The Book of Poetry is part of the bamboo slips from Chu State of the Warring States Period collected in Shanghai Museum; its mode of interpretation on the Book of Poetry is much different from that of Mao Heng On Poetry. It respects the traditional unity of poetry and music. It regards the personal feelings and experience as the precursor and directly links the text and the subject with the context, therefore it makes a fully perceptual recognition and humanist remarks on the Book of Poetry. Differently, Mao Heng tends to ignore the literal meaning of the texts and aims to seek for the political educational significance of the poetry, which initiates the system of extra textual comments. The two modes of interpretations on the Book of Poetry result in different significance analysis under the same enlightenment of moral integrity.