地下水可持续开采量评价方法综述

Review on assessment methods of groundwater sustainable yield

本文评述了地下水开采量概念的发展过程,指出为实现可持续开采量的评价,国内外目前研究的焦点主要集中在可持续开采量的可更新能力、生态和环境用水约束与社会经济发展及环境保护的协调优化等方面。同位素和地球化学示踪、GIS等新技术的发展及新技术与传统评价方法的有机结合大大促进了可持续开采量评价的发展。本文着重讨论了当前水均衡法、数值模拟、同位素技术和基流分割等评价方法的优缺点,以及在实现地下水可持续开采量评价方面的进展和面临的问题,认为多种方法有机结合是未来的发展方向。

The evolution of the concept of groundwater sustainable yield is introduced. It is pointed out that the research topics in this field at present are focusing on the renewability of groundwater sustainable yield, constraints of ecology and environment on water use and the problems related to optimization of coordination between social development and environmental protection. The new techniques such as tracer technique and GIS technique are combining with the traditional methods to improved the assessment methods for groundwater sustainable yield. In this paper, the advancements of water equilibrium method, numerical simulation, isotopic tracer technique are discussed in detailed. It is concluded that, in the near future, the combination of various methods and techniques is the best way to improve the reliability of the assessment.