黑河流域水循环系统的分布式模拟(Ⅰ)——模型开发与验证

Distributed model of hydrological cycle system in Heihe River basin Ⅰ.Model development and Verification

从水循环的物理机制着手,在考虑人工侧支循环的基础上,以现代地理信息技术为数据处理平台,开发了黑河流域水循环系统的分布式模拟模型.文中系统描述了模型结构,从水循环过程和能量循环过程2个方面对模型各要素的过程模拟进行了阐述,其中水循环过程包括蒸发蒸腾、入渗与径流、地下水运动、地下水流出和地下水溢出、坡面汇流与河道汇流、人工侧支循环等要素过程.在获取各类输入参数后,采用1km网格、以日为时间步长对黑河流域上、中游地区（36 728个网格单元）进行了1981～2002年的逐日模拟.结果表明,所建立的分布式模型对月径流过程和日平均流量过程具有较高模拟精度.校正期内前后两个验证期均得到良好验证.该模型可用于预测未来环境变化条件下流域水资源演变.

The GIS technique is applied as a data processing plateform to develop a distributed model for simulating the hydrological cycle system in the Heihe River basin, namely WEP-HeiHe. The physical mechanism of hydrological cycle and the artificial system of water utilization in the basin are considered. The structure of the model is introduced. The simulation consists of two aspects： hydrological cycle and energy cycle. The hydrological process components include evapotranspiration, infiltration, runoff, movement of ground water, interaction between groundwater and fiver water, overland flow, fiver flow and artificial cycle process of water utilization. The parameters of the model are calibrated by 5 years runoff data obtained from the Yingluoxia Hydrological station. The validity of the model is verified by the simulation calculation of runoff variation process in 1981 to 2002. It shows that the proposed model can be applied to forecast the evolution of river basin water resources under the condi.tions of changing environment.