基于(s,S)库存策略的分销系统最优分配问题

Optimal allocation of a distribution system with the(s,S) inventory policy

分销系统的运营成本不仅与所采取的库存控制策略有关,也与配送中心在货源不足时的分配策略有关。该文讨论单品种、单配送中心多销售点、周期观察、随机需求的两级分销系统。配送中心及各销售点都采用(s,S)库存控制策略,顾客对销售点的需求过程服从Po isson过程。在给定配送中心向销售点分配策略的情况下,系统的状态转移形成一个离散时间的M arkov链,因此系统的最优分配策略问题是一个M arkov决策问题。采用策略迭代或值迭代的办法,可以求解系统的最优库存分配策略。数值算例表明,采用最优库存分配策略能显著降低系统的成本。

The operating cost of a distribution system depends not only on the inventory policy, but also on the allocation policy when the warehouse runs out of stock. A one warehouse multiple retailer distribution system with single item was analyzed with the warehouse and all retailers using （s,S） inventory policies. Customers＇ demands were assumed to follow independent Poisson processes. The system was modelled as a discrete time Markov chain for a given allocation policy. The optimal allocation policy problem was formulated as a Markov decision process. The optimal allocation policy was obtained using policy iteration or value iteration. A numerical example shows that the optimal allocation policy significantly reduces the operating costs.