温度对容器设计的影响

Influence of Temperature on Vessel Design

通过对实际使用情况和相关理论的分析,着重从温度对容器材料的选用、许用应力选取,容器设计方法的影响进行了研究.结果表明,温度对容器设计的影响是多方面的,不同材料有不同设计温度范围.对高温使用的碳素钢、碳锰钢、奥氏体钢应分别考虑碳化物相石墨化倾向和含碳量,对低温使用材料应使其在工作温度区间具有足够的韧性.高温容器许用应力的确定,须考虑高温持久强度或蠕变强度许用应力.对须考虑热应力的容器,应按应力分析设计方法设计.对低温容器,给出了低温低应力和降应力工况判断方法及其设计方法.

According to service condition and theory of correlation, this paper analyzes the influence of temperature on the vessels design in choosing of the vessels material, determining of admissible stress and design methods. Different materials have different range of design temperature. Designing high temperature vessels, graphitization of carbide and carbon content is separately considered for carbon steel and carbon manganese steel. Low temperature materials must have enough ductility. Determining the admissible stress of high temperature vessels, high temperature lasting and creep strength must be considered. For vessels that thermal stress must be considered, must be designed according to stress analysis method. For low temperature vessels, giving out decision methods of low stress or fall stress and their design methods.