贫富分化与罗马共和国的衰亡

The Unequal Division of Wealth and the Decline and Fall of Roman Republic

随着罗马海外大征服,罗马共和国上层人士积累了巨额财富,而下层人民则逐渐丧失了生活资料及社会生存机会。贫富分化的局势对罗马共和国产生了极大的危害:公民大会沦落为野心家争权夺利的工具,罗马由共和政体向寡头政体转变;经济发展中潜伏着巨大的危机;公民兵制遭到破坏,不羁将军出现;罗马共和国陷入动荡,共和政体最终为帝制取代。

As the Republic of Rome conquered abroad, the upper stratum accumulated huge wealth while the lower people gradually lost the means of production, as well as the surival chance in the society. The unequal division of wealth greatly endangered the republic as follows：the citizen conference fell low as the tool for careerist to scramble for power and profit, the change from republicanism to oligarchy took place;the latent crisis were found in economic development; the citizen military system was damaged and some unruled generals appeared. Accordingly, Roman Republic fell into the turbulence and was finally replaced by the autocratic monarchy.