耐磨焊条中铁、石墨和碳化硼的优化设计

Optimizing Design of Fe-graphite-B_4C in Wearable Welding Rod

堆焊焊条设计试验采用L9(34)式正交表设计,以石墨、碳化硼和铁粉3个因素为变量,通过工艺性能定性分析,硬度值正交回归,最优化计算,得到优化试验配方和建立堆焊层金属硬度的回归方程,从而找到药皮主要成分石墨、碳化硼、铁粉对堆焊金属硬度、耐磨性等性能的影响规律。其中,碳化硼影响最大,铁粉次之,最小是石墨。随着碳化硼、铁粉、石墨增加硬度与耐磨性提高。铁粉量增加焊缝成型好,飞溅小。而石墨增加焊缝成型不好。碳化硼增加,飞溅加大。得到的最佳堆焊焊条配方,其焊接工艺性能优良,硬度值达68～71HRC。

L9 （3^4） orthogonal form was applied in overlaying welding rod design. Fe, graphite, B4C three factors were used as variables. Through optimizing design and regression equation of metal hardness the influencing rules of Fe, graphite and B4C on metal hardness and wear-resistance in overlaying were found. The results indicated that the effect was reduced fIom B4C , Fe to graphite. Metal hardness and wear-resistance were increased with the increase of B4C , Fe and graphite. The welding line showed good moldability and little splashing when Fe was increased. But welding line had bad moldability when graphite was increased, and great splashing happened when B4C waqs increased. 68-71 HRC of metal hardness and the best performance of overlaying welding were obtained by optimizing design .