淮南市持续发展的生态安全评价

Ecological Security Assessment for Sustainable Development in Huainan City

淮南市是一所典型的煤炭资源型城市,是建立在资源、环境、经济和社会等子系统上的复杂系统,是城市发展与资源和环境保护之间矛盾较为突出的区域,主要表现在:城市布局不合理,城市整体结构不完善;人类进行煤炭资源开发利用过程中对生态和景观产生了干扰和破坏,从而造成其生态结构、功能的破坏以及景观的破碎化。本研究从压力-状态-响应三方面构建了淮南市生态安全评价指标体系,指标体系包括目标层、系统层、要素层和指标层,并给出了计算各评价指标值之间均衡度的模型。最后结合RS、GIS技术实施该评价模型,对淮南市为实例进行了分析和评价,评价结果与实际情况基本符合。

Resources-typed cities are built on a complicated system which is composed of resources, environment, economic and social subsystems, so they are districts with a more contradictions is balancing the development of the city and the protection of resources and environment. These contradictions are found in the irrational urban layout, incomplete urban structure and so on. The structure, function of ecology and landscape system were destroyed by human exploitation of resources. If these problems could be solved properly, it would be beneficial to the sustainable development in the resouree-typed cities. Based on the pressure-state-response model and RS and GIS, indicators system of ecological security assessment in the resource-typed cities was established, and an evaluation model was proposed . The target level, factor level and index level were included in the assessment system. The system level is composed of three parts which are resourceenvironment-ecology state and human response.For example, land resource pressure, population pressure, water resource pressure and society economy pressure are embodied in resource-environment-ecology pressure： Resource state and environment state constitute resourceenvironment-ecology state, Human response is made up of input capability and science-technology capability. There are many practical indexes in the index level, so the evaluation can be done conveniently. The criterion in this assessment system is based on correlative national standards. In this paper, balance degree in homogeneous indexes is given emphasis to. Moreover, the authors introduced briefly a method that is resourced from Gini Coefficient, a term in mathematical economics. The authors also enumerated the actual data origin of indicators. Digital technology is applied to this study, RS and GIS, for instance. In this paper, image data and grid data are applied to this study mostly. And then, the model is applied to analyzing and evaluating the ecological security of Huainan city in Anhui province. Through ERDAS and ARCGIS the prediction of mining subsidence plash of Panji mine in 2010 was made and the result of ecological security assessement in Huainan is 0.506. The result proved that land resource is the most important factor of sustainable development in Huainan. The evaluation results are basically consistent with the fact of the district.