岩石材料工程性能的研究——石质文物保护科技的基础性研究方向

A study of the engineering capability of stone materialthe basic research direction of the conservation techniques of stone relics

从既有岩石材料构筑物的研究、保护和利用出发,提出了岩石材料工程性能研究是石质文物保护科技保护的基础性研究方向,在总结了岩石力学、地球化学、地球物理学、环境地质学、矿物学五个相关领域的研究现状后指出目前存在的三大基础性问题。在此基础上提出了岩石材料工程性能研究的基本框架和首要问题,并对首要问题内的基本研究内容进行了较为详细的论述。

In order to undertake preservation of historic stones, the cause of their deterioration and its development pattern in a changing climate must be known. It is the scientific basis of deciding conservation measures. The study of the engineering capability of stone material is thus necessary to provide the scientific foundation for establishing a research system. This system is made up of three parts;the analysis of the deterioration mechanism,the assessment of the preservation actuality and the forecast of the deterioration limit. This paper consolidates research findings from related fields such as rock mechanics, geochemistry, geophysics, environmental geology and mineralogy. It also points out three existing fundamental questions. It is on this foundation that the paper lists its questions, the basic structure of the research and a detailed discussion. The analysis of the deterioration mechanism is different from the analysis of weathering. The weathering of the material does not mean that the material is not suitable for use, but rather, it means that the material has been decaying for a a long time. Upon reaching the limit of its decay, the material enters the deterioration state. This paper states, that the description of the deterioration and the analysis of the causes of deterioration, form the emphasis of the research on the engineering capability of stone materials. The preseration actuality assessment is a quantitative partition of the extent and the grade of danger. The goal of the assessment is to provide a scientific basis for a conservatin plan. In this system, the deterioration type and grade should be confirmed.Depending on the stone material, the damage index （DI）, the preservation actuality and the extent of the stone block is quantitatively evaluated. Meanwhile, through simulation and examination, the potential extent of damage of stone buildings and monuments is confirmed. In comparison with the two earlier researches, the forecast of deterioration limit for long - term preservation is more strategic. Through this research, it is possible to predict the stone＇s decay development, propose a forecast plan, and provide a scientific basis for its preventive protection plan. In consideration of petrographical property, position, environment and human activities, this paper proposes that a forecast should be constituted of two parts;space, and time.