358个欧洲小麦品种的农艺性状鉴定与评价

Evaluation of Agronomic Traits of 358 Wheat Varieties Introduced from Europe

本文研究了欧洲18个国家20世纪育成的代表性品种358个,简述了各国品种的特点,全部品种的生育期、株高、主穗粒数和千粒重等性状变异丰富。总体上,株高随育成年限逐年代降低的趋势明显;主穗粒数有随育成年代逐渐增加的趋势;生育期和千粒重与品种育成时间之间无明显相关。分析了株高和抽穗期对穗粒数和千粒重的影响,向育种家推荐了一批优良种质,并提供了部分品种的系谱。

The characteristics of 358 varieties released in last century at 18 European countries were studied systematically. Variations of plant height, kernel number per ear and 1000-kernel weight were very rich. Indeed, plant height has been decreased significantly since the beginning of last century, and kernel number per spike has been increased. No association was detected between released time and 1000-kernel weight. The influence of plant height and heading date on both kernel number/spike and 1000-kernel weight was also analyzed. Importantly, some accessions with breeding potential traits were recommended to breeders. Pedigrees of several varieties were also presented in this paper.