同源四倍体高粱与约翰逊草杂交的细胞遗传学研究

Studies on Cytogenetics between Autotetraploid Sorghum and Johnsongrass

对约翰逊草、人工诱变四倍体高粱品系四沈甜及二者杂交种中期Ⅰ染色体构型、后期Ⅰ染色体行为进行了观察,并对花粉育性与结实率关系进行了研究。结果表明:约翰逊草、四沈甜及杂交种的染色体构型分别是:0.49Ⅰ+15.83Ⅱ+0.15Ⅲ+1.60Ⅳ、0.72Ⅰ+15.23Ⅱ+0.075Ⅲ+2.15Ⅳ、0.68Ⅰ+17.00Ⅱ+0.18Ⅲ+0.95Ⅳ。双亲及杂交种都是不规则的四倍体遗传群体。约翰逊草与同源四倍体高粱的染色体组间存在一定程度的同源性,杂交容易成功。

Cytogenetic chromosome behavior was studied with three kinds of material, Johnsongrass [Sorghum. halepense （L.） Pers], autotetraploid sorghum [Sorghum. bicolor （L.） Moench] Sishentian which was induced by colchicine and their hybrid in this report. The chromosome configuration at MI and the chromosome behavior at AI were observed, and the relationship between pollen fertility and seed setting percentage was analyzed. The results showed that the chromosome configuration of Johnsongrass, Sishentian and their hybrid is 0.49Ⅰ＋15.83Ⅱ＋0.15Ⅲ＋1.60Ⅳ, 0.72Ⅰ＋15.23Ⅱ＋0.075Ⅲ＋ 2.15Ⅳ, 0.68Ⅰ＋17.00Ⅱ＋0.18Ⅲ＋0.95Ⅳ, respectively. The parents and their hybrid belonged to irregular tetraploid genetic populations. The genome of Johnsongrass and sorghum are homologous in a certain extent. Therefore, the hybridization between Johnsongrass and sorghum can be obtained easily.