市场失灵与政府在技工培养中的作用

The Function of Government in Solving the Problem of Market Malfunction in Skilled Workers Training

技工培训的人力资本投资主体有个人、企业和政府，由于专业化技能具有很大的外部性，以及给技能所有者带来的负心理收益，个人缺乏对学习技能进行投资的积极性；企业之间在技工培训投资方面博弈的结果是都不培训员工。技工培训投资方面存在严重的市场失灵。解决技工短缺问题，克服市场失灵，必须由政府出面，通过建立合理的投资机制并进行一系列的制度创新，保证个人和企业技工培训投资的人力资本收益。

The investment subjects of manpower resources in skilled workers training are individuals, corporations and government. Because of the great externality of specialized skills, and negative mental bencfit which bring to skills owers, individuals usually lack enthusiasm of investment; the gaming results between corporations are that, they don＇t train personnel. Therefore, there exists serious market malfunction in the investment of skilled workers training. To solve the problems of skilled workers shortage, the government should construct reasonable investment mechanism, and progress system innovation to ensure the manpower benefit of individuals and corporations＇ investment in skilled workers training.