论“安全学科”设立为一级学科的理由

The reasons for the listing safety discipline in class I of the discipline classification system

我国授予硕士、博士学位和培养研究生用的学科专业目录的编制始于1981年,后来经过了1983、1990、1997年3次修订、完善.而“安全学科”的一级学科地位和综合、横断学科性质一直未得到确认和体现,从而严重影响了学科发展和应用实践.从1982年开始,“安全学科”业界和有关主管部门数次报请国务院学位办解决这一问题,均未获成功,目前仍在继续.采用文献分析方法,得到的研究结论是:“安全学科”以事故为研究对象、以事故预防和事故损失控制为研究目的这一基本认识是将“安全学科”设立为一级学科的理论基础之一;二级学科减少、一级学科增加的学科分类“自然生态”是理论基础之二;制定综合性事故预防策略、改善国家安全(生产)状况是实践需要基础;学科的成熟程度是现实存在基础.这4个方面是将安全学科设立为一级学科的主要理由.

In China, the discipline classification system for master, PhD degree awarding and postgraduate education was first compiled in 1981. Although the classification system has been underdone three times of updating in 1983, 1990 and 1997, the safety discipline has ever been listed in class Ⅰ of the classification system. Further, its comprehensive, intersecting and crossing features have not been accepted either. From 1982, safety researchers, professionals and related governmental departments appealed many times to the Academic Degree Office within the State Council for solving the problems, but all failed and the appealing still continues. After a systematically review of related literature, the authors concluded： there are four bases underpinning listing safety discipline in the class Ⅰ in the discipline classification system. Firstly, the discipline＇s research object＇accident＇, the aim of preventing accident and loss control is the number 1 theoretical basisl and the natural ecological attribute, number change of disciplines in the classification system, is the number 2 theoretical basis. Secondly, development of comprehensive accident prevention strategies to improve safety performances in China is the practical basis. Thirdly, the fully developed safety discipline comprises the realistic basis. Those four bases that should be emphasized in future appealing actions to build up a strong support for listing safety disciple in class I in the discipline classification system.