有毒重气在倾斜表面扩散的研究

Study on toxic dense-gas dispersion on sloping surface

为了研究有毒重气泄漏后在平面和斜面上的扩散情况,根据Kunsch和Webber提出的重气在倾斜表面上的扩散模型,在没有考虑有风的情况下,对氯气气云在倾斜表面上的等温扩散进行了计算,得出了氯气气云扩散时间、扩散范围与浓度的相互关系,评估了氯气扩散的危害程度。对计算结果与平面盒子模型结果比较发现,氯气在不同角度的斜面上和平面上的扩散速度和浓度变化有着显著的差异。得到的氯气在不同倾斜角度坡面的扩散状况查询图,对评估倾斜表面的重气扩散具有一定的意义,并且能够为管理和应急工作提供依据。

The present paper aims to introduce the authors＇ study of the toxic dense-gas dispersion on the sloping surface. As is known, once released on the road, the toxic dense-gas may cause tremendous harm. However, so far the research in this way has mainly been focused on the smooth surface. But in practice, the actual road situation proves not so smooth instead of being uneven with some gradients. Based on dense-gas dispersion modal on sloping surface developod by J. P. Kunsch and D. M. Webber, we have studied and calculated the isothermal dispersion of chlorine cloud on the sloping surface, thus obtaining the correlation among the dispersion time, its extension and the concentration of the chlorine cloud. In doing so, we have properly evaluated the critical grade of the chlorine dispersion. Nevertheless, we did not take the wind into account for fear that it may make the dispersion process complicated and influence the parameter to be chosen. Carefully comparing the results with those of smooth box model, we have found that the chlorine dispersion distance and its concentration can be quite different on the slope and smooth. The chlorine dispersion graph for different angles on the slope has also been made in the paper, which is of great significance for evaluating the dense-gas dispersion on sloping surtace and will be helpful to the management and emergency response.