清代江南宗族在乡村社会控制中的作用

Functions of Jiangnan Clan in the Control of Village Community in the Qing Dynasty

在清代,江南宗族组织对族人的管理和控制、维护宗族对族田的土地所有权、倡导与实践完纳族田正赋和国课、进行族中济贫和宗族保障、配合政府进行大规模水利修复工程、重视文化教育的思想控制等,从社会基层维护了传统社会秩序。虽然宗族活动也呈现出与政府不相协调的一面,但清廷选择宗族组织作为控制江南乡村社会的主要辅助力量,保持了江南乡村社会的长期稳定发展。

In the Qing dynasty, Jiangnan clan played an important role in such aspects as the advocacy of the policy of paying clanish and national taxes, the cooperation with the royal government in some large- scale irrigation rehabilatation projects, the ideological control of cuhure and education, and thus helped to maintain the traditional social order at the basic level. Though, accasionally, Jiangnan clans＇ activities were not in coordination with the rulers＇ wishes, the royal government still utilized Jiangnan clan as the main auxiliary force to maintain its rule in the countryside of Jiangnan, which contributed much to its long, stable development.