内蒙古扬沙天气与人群健康效应关系的初步研究

A pilot study for health effects of the sand climate on exposed population in Inner Mongolia of China

目的初步研究扬沙天气对人群可能造成的急性健康危害。方法根据整群抽样的原则选取内蒙古自治区包头市昆区2所小学校的3～5年级的1362名儿童及2618名成人为研究对象,采用随访研究的方法,在2004年3月～4月扬沙天气发生期间进行健康状况问卷调查,同期的SO2、NO2、CO、PM10的浓度由包头市环保局提供。问卷项目主要包括：人群一般情况；环境暴露情况：咳嗽咳痰等呼吸系统自觉症状及急性呼吸道刺激症状,医院就诊情况,心情是否焦虑或压抑等。用SPSS11.5统计软件进行单因素统计分析和多元回归分析。结果大气PM10的浓度在扬沙发生当天明显升高,扬沙过后随之下降；人群以呼吸系统为主的自觉症状发生率在扬沙发生当天明显升高,扬沙过后开始下降,这些症状包括咳嗽、咳痰、胸闷气短、咽干口苦、眼睛干涩、流鼻涕、流泪、打喷嚏等,还包括焦虑或压抑的感觉以及医院就诊率（均P＜0.01）；大气PM10的浓度和人群咳嗽症状以及急性刺激症状的发生率呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）。结论扬沙天气造成大气PM10的浓度明显升高,对暴露人群可造成急性呼吸系统健康危害。其带来的空气污染加剧和人群呼吸系统自觉症状等发生率的升高主要为短期急性效应。

Objective To assess the relationship between sand climate and the health effects of the population, Methods 1362 students from 2 primary schools and 2618 adults were investigated in Baotou City by the questionnaires in sand climates. Meanwhile, the concentrations of SO2, NO2 , CO and PM10 were also monitored during the sand climate, Results The highest incidence rates of the related respiratory diseases and symptoms were found at the day when the sand climates broke out, and lower incidence rates were found after the breakout day. The concentrations of PM10 increased obviously in the sand climates, and then decreased rapidly. A positive relationship was observed between the concentration of PM10 and the incidence rate of cough and acute irritate symptoms in the exposed population. Conclusion （ 1 ） The health effects of the sand climates may be acute without delayed action. （2） The concentrations of PM,o increased significantly in sand climates and may be positively associated with the incidence rate of the cough and acute irritate symptoms of the exposed population.